1.2.5 · D5Basic Geometry

Question bank — Triangles — scalene, isosceles, equilateral; acute, right, obtuse

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Figure — Triangles — scalene, isosceles, equilateral; acute, right, obtuse
Figure — Triangles — scalene, isosceles, equilateral; acute, right, obtuse
Figure — Triangles — scalene, isosceles, equilateral; acute, right, obtuse
Figure — Triangles — scalene, isosceles, equilateral; acute, right, obtuse

True or false — justify

Every equilateral triangle is also isosceles.
True — isosceles means at least two equal sides, and "all three equal" satisfies "at least two". Equilateral is the special, most symmetric case of isosceles.
Every isosceles triangle is equilateral.
False — isosceles only guarantees two equal sides; the third can be any length allowed by the Triangle Inequality, e.g. sides , which is not equilateral.
A triangle can be both right and isosceles.
True — the triangle has two equal legs and one angle, so it wears the "right" label from the angle box and "isosceles" from the side box.
A triangle can be both right and equilateral.
False — an equilateral triangle forces every angle to (three equal angles summing to ), so it can never contain a angle.
An equilateral triangle is always acute.
True — all three angles are exactly , and , so every angle is acute by definition.
A scalene triangle can be acute, right, or obtuse.
True — "scalene" only says the sides differ; the angles are free to be all-small (acute), one right, or one large (obtuse). Side-class and angle-class are independent.
An obtuse triangle can be equilateral.
False — obtuse needs an angle above , but equilateral fixes all angles at ; the two conditions cannot coexist.
If all three sides are different, all three angles are different.
True — a larger side always faces a larger angle (see the stretch figure above), so distinct sides mean distinct opposite angles; equal angles would demand equal opposite sides.
A triangle with two angles must be equilateral.
True — the third angle is , so all angles are , and equal angles force equal sides (Congruence Criteria (SSS, SAS, ASA) via equal-angles ⇒ equal-sides).
The hypotenuse can sometimes be shorter than a leg.
False — from the Pythagorean Theorem, and , so beats both legs; the hypotenuse is always the longest side.

Spot the error

"This triangle has sides and it's just a very thin scalene triangle."
Error — violates the Triangle Inequality ; the two short sides cannot reach across the long one, so no triangle exists at all, thin or otherwise.
"Isosceles comes from iso (equal) + sceles (sides), so it means all sides equal."
Error — it's isos (equal) + skelos (leg), meaning two equal legs, not all three; "all three equal" is the separate word equilateral.
"The angles are , , so I'll finish it off with a small third angle."
Error — already, leaving a negative third angle. A triangle can hold at most one obtuse angle.
"It's a right triangle, so I'll use the base as the hypotenuse for ."
Error — the hypotenuse is the side opposite the angle, not whichever side happens to be horizontal; misnaming it wrecks every subsequent calculation.
"All angles are , so it's acute — therefore it can't be isosceles."
Error — acute (angle box) and isosceles (side box) are independent labels; an equilateral triangle is acute and isosceles simultaneously, so "acute" never rules out equal sides.
"This triangle has a angle and a angle, one right and one obtuse."
Error — those two angles alone sum to , impossible. A single triangle holds at most one non-acute angle.
"Since the triangle looks symmetric, it must be equilateral."
Error — a single line of symmetry only proves two matching sides, i.e. isosceles; equilateral needs three such mirror lines (all three vertices interchangeable), a stronger condition the eye can't confirm from one axis.

Why questions

Why does the largest angle always face the longest side?
Because stretching a side forces the corner across from it to open wider (see the stretch figure above), while its own end-corners are unaffected; so the ordering of sides and of opposite angles rise and fall together.
Why is the sum of interior angles exactly and not more or less?
Walking the perimeter you make three turns totalling one full rotation (); each exterior turn is minus its interior angle, so of interior angle remains (see the walk figure above). Related: Interior Angles of Polygons.
Why can an obtuse triangle never be a right triangle?
A right triangle spends exactly on one angle; an obtuse triangle already spends more than on one angle, and having both would exceed before the third angle is counted.
Why does dropping the altitude from the apex of an isosceles triangle split it into two congruent halves?
The two equal sides and shared altitude give matching hypotenuses and a common right-angle side, so by Congruence Criteria (SSS, SAS, ASA) the halves are congruent — which is why the altitude also bisects the base.
Why is the equilateral triangle the only triangle where median, altitude, angle bisector and perpendicular bisector all coincide on every side?
Full three-fold symmetry means each vertex sees an identical picture, so every "centre line" from a vertex plays all four roles at once — a symmetry no less-equal triangle has.

Edge cases

Is a "triangle" with angles (three points on a line) a valid triangle?
No — the three points are collinear, so the figure has zero area and no genuine corners; the definition demands three non-collinear vertices.
Can a triangle have side lengths ?
No — with we get , not greater than ; the two sides lie flat along the third, collapsing to a line, so the Triangle Inequality fails at its boundary.
What's the "boundary" triangle between acute and obtuse?
The right triangle — as the largest angle grows from below up through and beyond, the triangle passes acute → right → obtuse, with the right triangle marking exactly.
For a triangle with sides (smallest-to-largest, so is the longest), how does comparing with reveal its angle type?
If it's acute, if it's right (Pythagorean Theorem), and if it's obtuse — the longest side's square tells you where the biggest angle sits relative to .
Can a degenerate isosceles triangle exist with apex angle ?
No — a apex folds the two equal sides onto each other, giving base angles of each and zero area, so it's a collapsed segment, not a triangle.