Understand contract notes and ledger statements

1.5.9 · Stock-Market › Brokerage, Demat & Account Setup

1. The Contract Note

WHAT ismein hota hai (anatomy):

Field	Meaning
Trade date & settlement date	Trade kab hua / paisa+shares kab settle honge (T+1)
Order no. / Trade no.	Audit ke liye unique IDs
Security & ISIN	Kaun sa stock (e.g. RELIANCE, INE002A01018)
Buy/Sell, Qty, Rate	Direction, shares ki sankhya, price per share
Brokerage	Broker ki fee
STT, Exchange txn charges, SEBI fee, Stamp duty, GST	Statutory charges
Net amount	Final paisa jo aap pay karte ho (buy) ya receive karte ho (sell)

HOW net amount banta hai (first principles se derive karo)

Shuruaat wahan se karo jahan aap actually agree karte ho: Qty × Rate. Yeh shares ki raw value hai, jise us leg ka turnover kehte hain.

$Turnover = Q \times R$

Ab broker aur government layers add karte hain. Ek ek karke banao:

Brokerage — broker ka cut, turnover ka ek % (ya flat), capped: $B = min (b \cdot Q \cdot R, cap)$
STT (Securities Transaction Tax) — turnover par government ka tax: $STT = s \cdot Q \cdot R$
Exchange + SEBI charges — turnover ka bahut chota %: $E = e \cdot Q \cdot R$
Stamp duty — turnover par chota % (sirf buy side par): $D = d \cdot Q \cdot R$
GST — 18% sirf (Brokerage + Exchange charges) par charge hota hai, turnover par nahi: $G = 0.18 (B + E)$

3. Worked Examples

Worked example Example 1 — Ek BUY contract note

Aap 100 shares of TCS @ ₹4,000 khareedte ho. Assume karo: brokerage $b = 0.03%$ (cap ₹20), STT $s = 0.1%$ , exchange $e = 0.00297%$ , stamp $d = 0.015%$ .

Step 1 — Turnover. $QR = 100 \times 4000 = ₹4, 00, 000$ . Kyun? Yeh base value hai jisse baaki sab scale hota hai.

Step 2 — Brokerage. $0.0003 \times 400000 = ₹120 \Rightarrow min (120, 20) = ₹20$ . Cap kyun? Discount brokers per-order brokerage ₹20 par cap karte hain, isliye aap ₹20 pay karte ho, ₹120 nahi.

Step 3 — STT. $0.001 \times 400000 = ₹400$ . Kyun? Delivery STT 0.1% of turnover hai, buy aur sell dono par.

Step 4 — Exchange. $0.0000297 \times 400000 \approx ₹11.88$ . Step 5 — Stamp. $0.00015 \times 400000 = ₹60$ (buy side). Step 6 — GST. $0.18 \times (20 + 11.88) = ₹5.74$ . Sirf inhi dono par kyun? GST service (brokerage + exchange) par tax lagata hai, share value par nahi.

Step 7 — Net (BUY = value + charges). $400000 + 20 + 400 + 11.88 + 60 + 5.74 = ₹4, 00, 497.62$ Yeh aapke ledger se debit hoga.

4. Common Mistakes (Steel-manned)

5. Active Recall

Recall Quick self-test (hide karke answer karo)

Kaun se do documents ek trade aur uske cost ko prove karte hain?
GST kis amount par charge hota hai?
Ledger recurrence relation likho.
Real profit (ΔPrice × Qty) se kam kyun hota hai?

Recall Feynman: 12-saal ke bacche ko samjhao

Socho tum ek helper ke zariye dukaan se toffee khareedte ho. Contract note woh bill slip jaisi hai jo helper tumhe aaj ki toffee ke liye deta hai — ismein toffee ki price plus helper ki choti si fee aur dukaan ka tax, aur finally jo paisa tumne diya — sab dikhta hai. Ledger woh choti notebook jaisi hai jahan helper likhta hai har rupaya jo tumne diya, har rupaya jo tumne wapas liya, aur neeche kitna bacha — yeh roz update hoti hai. Dono padhne se tum hamesha jaante ho toffee ki real price, aur exactly kitna paisa helper ke paas abhi bhi hai.

Connections

Brokerage and Charges Explained
STT and Securities Transaction Tax
Demat Account Basics
Settlement Cycle T+1
Calculating Real Returns after Charges
Capital Gains Tax Filing

Contract note kya hota hai?

Ek legally binding, digitally-signed statement jo 24 ghante ke andar issue hota hai — ismein ek din ke saare trades, full charge breakup, aur net debit/credit amount hoti hai.

Ledger statement kya hota hai?

Aapke aur broker ke beech saare money movements ka ek chronological, running-balance record (deposits, trades, charges, dividends, withdrawals).

Trade mein GST (18%) kis amount par charge hota hai?

Sirf (brokerage + exchange transaction charges) par, share turnover par NAHI.

Ledger balance recurrence relation?

Balance_t = Balance_(t-1) + Credit_t − Debit_t.

BUY ke liye net amount kaise banta hai?

Net = Q×R + brokerage + STT + exchange + stamp duty + GST (sab add hote hain).

SELL ke liye net amount kaise banta hai?

Net = Q×R − (brokerage + STT + exchange + GST); sell par stamp duty nahi hoti.

Broker ledger mein "Cr" ka matlab kya hai?

Credit — broker aapka paisa rakhta hai (aapka balance).

Real profit (sell−buy)×qty se kam kyun hota hai?

Kyunki charges (brokerage, STT, exchange, stamp, GST) buy aur sell DONO legs par lagte hain aur inhe ghatana padta hai.

Ek din ka ledger balance agale din se kaise related hai?

Ek din ka closing balance agale din ka opening balance ban jaata hai (running total).

Kaun sa statutory charge sirf buy side par lagta hai (equity delivery)?

Stamp duty.