Tum ek list memorize nahi kar rahe — tum derive kar rahe ho ki kaunse steps ZAROOR exist karne chahiye agar goal hai "ek foreign gene, working, har cell mein, offspring mein."
Ek organism jiska genome deliberately recombinant DNA technology use karke alter kiya gaya ho.
Transgenic organism kya hai?
Ek GMO jo doosri species ka foreign gene (transgene) carry kare, stably integrated aur heritable ho.
GMO aur transgenic mein difference?
Saare transgenic organisms GMOs hain, lekin ek GMO jo sirf apna gene delete/silence karke banaya gaya ho woh transgenic nahi hai (koi foreign gene nahi).
Bt cotton ko insect resistance kaun sa gene aur organism deta hai?
Bacillus thuringiensis se cry gene, jo Cry (Bt) toxin code karta hai.
Bt toxin humans ke liye harmless kyun hai lekin insects ke liye deadly?
Yeh ek inactive protoxin hai jo sirf alkaline insect gut mein activate hota hai; acidic human stomach ise digest kar deta hai.
Golden Rice mein kaunsa main product engineer kiya gaya hai?
β-carotene (provitamin A) endosperm mein.
Molecular farming kya hai?
Useful proteins/pharmaceuticals produce karne ke liye transgenic organisms ko living factories ki tarah use karna (jaise insulin, Rosie ka milk).
Transgenic animal banane ke liye zygote/embryonic cell kyun use karni padti hai?
Taaki transgene germline mein enter kare aur har cell (offspring bhi) ise inherit kare.
Socho ek plant ek aisa phone hai jisme apps ka ek fixed set hai jiske saath woh paida hua. Normal breeding sirf wahi apps mix karti hai jo already exist karti hain. Genetic engineering aise hai jaise ek bilkul alag phone se ek brand-new app install karna — hum ek useful "app" (gene) bacterium se copy karte hain aur ek plant mein paste karte hain. Ab plant kuch naya kar sakta hai, jaise apna khud ka bug-killer banana. Aur kyunki hum ise tab install karte hain jab plant abhi bhi ek single seed-cell hai, har leaf ko woh app milti hai — aur plant ke babies bhi iske saath paida hote hain. Kisi doosri species ki borrowed app wala plant (ya animal) transgenic kehlata hai.
