4.2.1 · HinglishCirculatory System
Describe blood components (plasma, RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
4.2.1· Biology › Circulatory System
The 4 components at a glance
1. Plasma — the transport river
YEH kya carry karta hai:
- Proteins: albumin (osmotic pressure / water balance maintain karta hai), globulins (antibodies), fibrinogen (clotting).
- Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, lipids.
- Wastes: urea, CO₂ (bicarbonate ke roop mein).
- Hormones, ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺), gases.
2. Red Blood Cells (RBCs / Erythrocytes) — oxygen trucks
- Red bone marrow mein banta hai. Count ≈ 5 million per mm³ (sabse zyada).
3. White Blood Cells (WBCs / Leucocytes) — the soldiers
Do families (WHY do? — alag alag weapons):
| Type | Granules? | Examples | Job |
|---|---|---|---|
| Granulocytes | Haan | Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil | Neutrophils bacteria ko phagocytose (khaate) hain |
| Agranulocytes | Nahi | Lymphocyte, Monocyte | Lymphocytes antibodies banate hain; monocytes macrophages ban jaate hain |
4. Platelets (Thrombocytes) — the plumbers
Recall Feynman: ek 12-saal ke bacche ko samjhao
Blood aapke body mein ek delivery river ki tarah hai. Paani wala part (plasma) woh river hai jo khaana, messages, aur kachra carry karta hai. Usme teen tarah ki choti naavein float karti hain: laal naavein (RBCs) oxygen carry karti hain jaise tiny air tanks; safed naavein (WBCs) woh police hain jo germs se larti hain; aur chote tute hue tukde (platelets) kisi bhi cut pe bhaag ke jaate hain aur use glue karke band kar dete hain taaki aap khoon se khaali naa ho jao. Har naav ka EK main kaam hai, aur isliye aapka blood ek saath itni saari cheezein kar sakta hai.
Flashcards
Blood mein plasma vs RBCs ka % kya hai?
Plasma ≈ 55%, RBCs ≈ 45% (RBC fraction = haematocrit).
Plasma zyaadatar kis chiz se bana hota hai?
Lagbhag 90–92% water, plus proteins, nutrients, wastes, hormones, ions.
Teen main plasma proteins ke naam batao aur unka ek ek function.
Albumin (osmotic/water balance), globulins (antibodies), fibrinogen (clotting).
Plasma aur serum mein kya farq hai?
Serum = plasma minus fibrinogen aur clotting factors (clotting ke baad bachta hai).
Mature mammalian RBCs biconcave aur non-nucleated kyun hoti hain?
Biconcave = zyada surface area + flexibility; no nucleus = haemoglobin ke liye zyada jagah (zyada O₂).
Ek haemoglobin kitne O₂ molecules carry kar sakta hai, aur kyun?
4 — ek haem group ke peeche ek (har ek mein ek Fe²⁺ hota hai jo ek O₂ bind karta hai).
RBCs kahan banti hain aur kitni der jiiti hain?
Red bone marrow mein banti hain; ~120 din jiiti hain.
Haemoglobin tissues mein O₂ release kyun karta hai lekin lungs mein bind karta hai?
Reaction reversible hai; high O₂ (lungs) load karta hai, low O₂ (tissues) unload karta hai.
WBCs structurally RBCs se kaise alag hain?
WBCs nucleated hoti hain aur inme haemoglobin nahi hota (colourless).
Do WBC families do aur har ek ka ek example do.
Granulocytes (e.g. neutrophil), Agranulocytes (e.g. lymphocyte/monocyte).
Neutrophils aur lymphocytes ka main kaam kya hai?
Neutrophils pathogens ko phagocytose (engulf) karte hain; lymphocytes antibodies produce karte hain.
Platelets kya hain aur inका function kya hai?
Cell fragments (no nucleus) jo blood clotting trigger karti hain.
Do key clotting conversions likho.
Prothrombin→thrombin (thrombokinase + Ca²⁺ ke zariye); fibrinogen→fibrin (thrombin ke zariye).
Fibrinogen ko injury tak soluble kyun rakha jaata hai?
Taaki clots sirf wounds par banen — thrombin locally banta hai, soluble fibrinogen ko sirf wahin insoluble fibrin mesh mein convert karta hai.
Components ko count ke hisaab se order karo (zyada→kam).
RBCs (~5 million) > Platelets (~250,000) > WBCs (~4,000–11,000) per mm³.
Connections
- Circulatory System
- Haemoglobin and Oxygen Transport
- Blood Clotting and Haemostasis
- Immune System and Antibodies
- Blood Groups and Transfusion
- Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure (albumin ka role)